IIT Hyderabad Researchers Help Find Evidence for the Humming of the Universe by Low Frequency Gravitational Waves

• IITH researchers, as part of the Indian Pulsar Timing Array (InPTA) consortium, find evidence for ultra-low frequency gravitational waves
• The results could not have been possible without the NSM (National Supercomputing Mission) facility Param Seva installed at IIT Hyderabad
• Such waves are expected to originate from a large number of dancing monster black hole pairs more than a million times more massive than the Sun.
• Link to papers: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202346844 and https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202346842

A team of researchers from IIT Hyderabad (IITH) are part of an international team of astronomers from India, Japan, and Europe has published results from monitoring pulsars, nature’s best clocks, using six of the World's most sensitive radio telescopes, including India’s largest telescope uGMRT. These results provide a hint of evidence for the relentless vibrations of the fabric of the universe, caused by ultra-low frequency gravitational waves. Such waves are expected to originate from a large number of dancing monster black hole pairs, crores of times heavier than our Sun. The team’s results are a crucial milestone in opening a new, astrophysically-rich window in the gravitational wave spectrum.

Representative image

Such dancing monster Black Hole pairs, expected to lurk in the centres of colliding galaxies, create ripples in the fabric of our cosmos, and astronomers call them nano-hertz gravitational waves as their wavelengths can be many lakhs of crores of kilometres. The relentless cacophony of gravitational waves from a large number of supermassive black hole pairs creates a persistent humming of our universe. The team, consisting of members of the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA) and Indian Pulsar Timing Array (InPTA) consortia, published their results in two papers in the Astronomy and Astrophysics journal, and their results hint at the presence of such gravitational waves in their data set. These results include an analysis of pulsar data collected over 25 years with six of the world’s largest radio telescopes.

The IITH team which took part in this discovery consists of Dr Shantanu Desai, faculty in the Department of Physics and Department of AI, Mr Aman Srivastava, Physics PhD student, Mr Divyansh Kharbanda (2023 BTech graduate in Engineering Physics), Ms Swetha Arumugam (rising BTech senior in EE). Another B Tech student in EE, Ms Pragna Mamdipaka, is also part of InPTA and is playing an active role in ongoing InPTA efforts. IITH has been part of InPTA since 2018, and some of the past InPTA students from IITH are pursuing higher studies in Astrophysics and related industries.

Emphasizing the importance of this result and IITH’s contribution, Prof B S Murty, Director, IITH, said, “Congratulations to the InPTA collaboration and the IITH team involved in this discovery. I am delighted that the state-of-the-art NSM Param Seva computing facility at IITH has helped to create these path-breaking results. This achievement also underscores the power of collaboration in attaining scientific benchmarking results’’.

“I am elated that IITH students from both Physics and Electrical Engineering could be part of this historical discovery. These results are due to many years of painstaking efforts from many scientists. I am grateful for the support received from IITH. In particular, the results could not have been possible without the NSM (National Supercomputing Mission) facility Param Seva installed at IIT Hyderabad’’, said Prof Shantanu Desai, IITH.

The InPTA experiment involves researchers from NCRA (Pune), TIFR (Mumbai), IIT (Roorkee), IISER (Bhopal), IIT (Hyderabad), IMSc (Chennai) and RRI (Bengaluru) along with colleagues from Kumamoto University, Japan. More details about InPTA can be found at https://inpta.iitr.ac.in/

This combined IPTA data set is expected to be more sensitive, and scientists are excited about the constraints they can place on the GWB (Gravitational Wave Background) along with understanding various other phenomena that may have taken place when the Universe was in its infancy, just a few seconds old, which can also produce gravitational waves at these astronomically long wavelengths.

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